ICT Basics

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1.     What is a computer;

A computer is a machine that, through computer programming, can be ordered to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Modern computers can execute programs, which are generalized collections of operations. Computers can now perform a wide variety of tasks thanks to these programs.


Photo source: https://studylib.net/doc/9521935/the-first-generation-of-computers

 

2.       Basic functions of the computer

The basic functions of the computer, such as they are shown in the diagram of Figure 1, they are the following:

  • Data input (the data is "Raw" information)
  • Data processing (based on instructions included in program)
  • Save information (for editing later)
  • Function output



Figure 1, source:  https://digitalworld839.com/functions-of-computer/

3.       Data and information

They are kindred concepts related to processing. In general, with the term data we mean the elements that need to be entered in order for the processing, while by information we mean the results obtained from data processing.

 

4.       Processing

In general, processing is the process of converting data into information. It transforms, that is, the data in a way that results in some additional knowledge. A key difference of the computer from other machines it has built man is the ability to choose what kind of processing we want to do each time. We achieve this by choosing from a collection of different programs what will be the program that the computer will follow each time.

 

5.       Where Are computers used

In almost all human activities, processing is needed storage of information, the computer (which is the main tool that man uses for this purpose) finds more and more applications. In our home we use the computer to find information from Internet, to communicate with friends, listen to music, watch movies, play games, but also to process documents (text), photos, etc. The computer is primarily a means of communication and entertainment.




6.       Informatics

Informatics is the science that deals with the collection, storage, processing and transmission of information. Because the computer is the machine that collects, stores, processes and transmits information, Informatics is very closely related to the computer. By way science, however, is not limited only to matters relating to computers, but it explores all ways of collection, storage, processing and transmission information, through which the machines can emerge that will replace the current computer.


EXERCISES:

 

1. Discuss in groups where the computers can be used and what can we gain from that.

 

 

2.  Write in the rectangular shapes below the basic functions of the computer:



Now write in the bubbles above, two components/units that you have/see in your laboratory where they are used to perform these basic functions:

 

(Note: ATTENTION!!! There is only one component/unit per bubble.)