Operation
Introduction
As we have already learned, a computing system consists of the hardware of the computer (that is, the devices and components that make up the computer) along with the software (that is, the programs by which the user determines what processing the computer will do). But in order for the user to choose which program he wants to activate, there must be a mechanism, which after receiving his command, to locate and activate the specific program. That is, there should be a specialized program whose job is to accept commands from the user and activate other programs. This specialized program is called the operating system.
1. The operating system and its role
The operating system is software that is necessarily present in every computer because it coordinates its operation and provides the user with the following basic services:
- The ability to interact with the computer, providing it with a communication environment,
- The ability to control programs (on and off) and an archiving system, allowing the user to organize and store files.
To provide these services, the operating system must control and coordinate all devices (hardware) and programs (software) that are present on the computer, so that they work harmoniously.
2. Why are there many different operating systems
One operating system is not suitable for all kinds of computers. Personal computers usually need flexible operating systems that support many kinds of peripherals and are easy to use. In large computers, the reliability of the operating system is of great importance, while in small mobile devices, such as mobile phones, specialized operating systems prevail that match the limited capabilities of these devices.
The list of application software that exists is endless, as new ones are constantly being created, to meet some new needs of users, but also known needs in a different way.
The application software can be purchased from computer stores or downloaded from the Internet (after paying). There is also software offered free of charge by its creator (Open Office, Gimp). We should be careful because there is pirated software. This is software that we normally have to buy, but someone copied it and pronounces it either for free or very cheaply. In addition to being illegal, it could be dangerous to our computer. Here it should be mentioned that there are also specialized programs that use specific organizations, etc. the program that creates the school timetable, a warehouse program of a store, also belonging to the category of Application Software.
EXERCISES:
1. What are the three main services that the operating system provides to the user?
a. write and save text
b. organize files in folders (filing system)
c. control the activation/deactivation of programmes
d. listen to music and watch videos
e. search for information on the Internet
f. Interact with the computer through a communication environment.
2. Why are there so many different operating systems if they all perform basically the same functions? Write and justify your views for discussion in the lab?